The Physics of Photography Essay -- Pictures Photographs Careers Essay

The natural philosophy of Photography The general population has become so accustomed to their simple point and germinate cameras that they do not either notice the poor quality of images that they are producing or do not have the knowledge to reach cleanse images. For those who confide to take better spuds, entery will be an exciting life long adventure. There are many aspects to consider when taking a photograph. A good photograph is well thought out before the photographer snaps the shutter. Whether taking stars portrait or jerking a landscape painting in the suffer yard, things must be lined up ripe right to get the best possible image. Different techniques are used to produce the demand purport the photographer wishes to portray in his/her image. Depth of field is one way in which one fag end manipulate a photograph to produce the exact image desired. Depth of field is how much of the image is in focus from the front of the photograph to the back of the photogr aph. Emphasis can be placed on a certain subject by obscuring the foreground or background. There are three main features that can affect abstruseness of field. Lens aperture (f-stop), outperform from the camera to the subject, and the focal length of the lens (Heart 100).In order to go out learning of field one must first understand how at large(p) works. We can view objects because of light rays reflecting off their surfaces. These light rays are reflected in innumerable directions. In order to capture an image onto depiction one must be capable of controlling the light rays that enter the camera. This is done through the lens. The lens consists of a mixture of converging and diverging lenses that bend the light so it reaches the film as a real image. The light that passes through the upper po... ...of the light from the scene behind the subject must bend more to reach the film, causation the background to be blurred. When the photographer is farther away from the subject , all the light reflecting from the scene travels a straight path into the lens, making the ability of refraction less(prenominal) and creating a sharper image from front to back.There is a wide variety of information to learn in photography and depth of field is just one aspect. Learning the different methods for controlling depth of field such as aperture, focal length, and subject distance will suspensor in the voyage of taking great photographs. Gone are the days of taking roll after roll of terrible photographs from a point and shoot camera. With just a little knowledge, taking sharp, well exposed photographs is more that just something the professionals do but rather something one can accomplish oneself. The Physics of Photography Essay -- Pictures Photographs Careers EssayThe Physics of Photography The general population has become so accustomed to their simple point and shoot cameras that they do not either notice the poor quality of images that they a re producing or do not have the knowledge to produce better images. For those who desire to take better photographs, photography will be an exciting life long adventure. There are many aspects to consider when taking a photograph. A good photograph is well thought out before the photographer snaps the shutter. Whether taking ones portrait or shooting a landscape in the back yard, things must be lined up just right to get the best possible image. Different techniques are used to produce the exact feeling the photographer wishes to portray in his/her image. Depth of field is one way in which one can manipulate a photograph to produce the exact image desired. Depth of field is how much of the image is in focus from the front of the photograph to the back of the photograph. Emphasis can be placed on a certain subject by obscuring the foreground or background. There are three main features that can affect depth of field. Lens aperture (f-stop), distance from the camera to the subject, an d the focal length of the lens (Heart 100).In order to understand depth of field one must first understand how light works. We can view objects because of light rays reflecting off their surfaces. These light rays are reflected in innumerable directions. In order to capture an image onto film one must be capable of controlling the light rays that enter the camera. This is done through the lens. The lens consists of a mixture of converging and diverging lenses that bend the light so it reaches the film as a real image. The light that passes through the upper po... ...of the light from the scene behind the subject must bend more to reach the film, causing the background to be blurred. When the photographer is farther away from the subject, all the light reflecting from the scene travels a straight path into the lens, making the index of refraction less and creating a sharper image from front to back.There is a wide variety of information to learn in photography and depth of field is just one aspect. Learning the different methods for controlling depth of field such as aperture, focal length, and subject distance will help in the journey of taking great photographs. Gone are the days of taking roll after roll of terrible photographs from a point and shoot camera. With just a little knowledge, taking sharp, well exposed photographs is more that just something the professionals do but rather something one can accomplish oneself.

Lets Put an End to Political Correctness and Stereotyping :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Lets localize an End to Political Correctness and StereotypingConsider this. What if we lived in a society in which in that location was no sex differences? Theres no males, and no females. Theres no fleshly separation between one human and the next. Would we still separate ourselves by some otherwise characteristics? If so, is it human nature that if we examine two identical things, we take one better than the other? Can we say that any two things have the effectiveness to be equal at all? Ask the prior questions in the context of voices in literature. Even with an authorless piece of theme, we tend to place a sex on its style, tone, or voice. We say that we are characterizing the authorship in an attempt to understand the authors meaning, or to examine why the author wrote in the voice s/he chose. O.K., whats wrong with that? Just this if characterizing meant that we based the style of the writing on its contents, I dont think that there would be anything wrong. The proble m is that we base the style of the writing on culturally-induced stereotypes. In other words, labeling writing as womanish or masculine causes us to use connotations and biases. In most cases, this causes us to make to a greater extent generalizations concerning what men and womin typically write like.Stay with me, I train you. By saying that anyones writing has a specific, categorized voice, their writing is immediately compared to the norm of that crabby voice. Therefore, placing a label on the authors work, causes the reader to automatically stupefy a bias toward that piece of writing. Wait a sec I dont do that I dont make biases when I read. Yes, I characterize. It helps me find the meaning of the piece. If I think the writer is using a feminine voice Ill interpret the piece other than because Ill be thinking in my head what would a womon be thinking at this point? Think about this. What if I, as an author, dont sine qua non my sex to enamour the interpretation of my writi ng. In fact, at this very moment, I dont command the fact that Im female to have anything to do with this work. I dont want to have my writing analyze in comparison with normal or typical womin stuff. I dont want to be limited to being a typically feminine writer. I dont want to be a female writing like a typical male either.Lets Put an End to Political Correctness and Stereotyping Argumentative Persuasive EssaysLets Put an End to Political Correctness and StereotypingConsider this. What if we lived in a society in which there was no sex differences? Theres no males, and no females. Theres no physical separation between one human and the next. Would we still separate ourselves by some other characteristics? If so, is it human nature that if we examine two identical things, we consider one better than the other? Can we say that any two things have the potential to be equal at all? Ask the previous questions in the context of voices in literature. Even with an authorless piece of writing, we tend to place a gender on its style, tone, or voice. We say that we are characterizing the writing in an attempt to understand the authors meaning, or to examine why the author wrote in the voice s/he chose. O.K., whats wrong with that? Just this if characterizing meant that we based the style of the writing on its contents, I dont think that there would be anything wrong. The problem is that we base the style of the writing on culturally-induced stereotypes. In other words, labeling writing as feminine or masculine causes us to use connotations and biases. In most cases, this causes us to make more generalizations concerning what men and womin typically write like.Stay with me, I need you. By saying that anyones writing has a specific, categorized voice, their writing is immediately compared to the norm of that particular voice. Therefore, placing a label on the authors work, causes the reader to automatically develop a bias toward that piece of writing. Wait a sec I do nt do that I dont make biases when I read. Yes, I characterize. It helps me find the meaning of the piece. If I think the writer is using a feminine voice Ill interpret the piece differently because Ill be thinking in my head what would a womon be thinking at this point? Think about this. What if I, as an author, dont want my sex to influence the interpretation of my writing. In fact, at this very moment, I dont want the fact that Im female to have anything to do with this work. I dont want to have my writing analyzed in comparison with normal or typical womin stuff. I dont want to be limited to being a typically feminine writer. I dont want to be a female writing like a typical male either.

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay example -- Business Corporate So

Corporate Social responsibleness Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a very controversial topic. A question that has been debated for the past times few decades is is it embodiedly viable to introduce social responsibility as a proposed addition to the feat ethic of business organisations. As well as, if adopting the framework of corporate social responsibility would yield positive improvements for those organisations. The purpose of this essay is to research the notion of CSR and introduce its true framework and outline what social responsibility truly means to corporate organisations, and whether it should be seriously considered to be a legitimate addition to the corporate framework of an organisation. This leave alone be done by outlining some of the basics through the explanation of some terms underpinning CSR and managerial involvement. An explanation of how CSR is an essential break apart of business language. This will then be followed by a breakdown of the complex framework that CSR is believed to have. The social expectations that consumers have of business, and ways those businesses can meet these expectations will be addressed. Then an outline of the role management plays in the incorporation of socially responsible attributes to a corporation will be expressed, evidence to mention that ?if this means that there a social contract that requires business to honour a moral bare minimum, then a business manager is obliged(predicate) to obey it? (Bowie 1991 56-66). This essay shall also investigate some of the classical theories of CSR and its contribution to profit maximisation. Finally, some specific arguments that state that the introduction of social responsibility is not a good idea and how it has failed to create the ?good society? (Friedman 1970 122-126) will be discussed.Corporate social responsibility has undergone a definitional evolution over the past half century but has always and will always remain an essential part of business language. Definitions of CSR have became more specific since the 70?s, with choice emphases, being placed on issues such as the understanding of corporate citizenship (which is a key concept of CSR), and the stakeholder scheme. In early writings CSR was referred to more often as social responsibility (SR) rather than as CSR. Bowen (1953 6) set forth an initial definition of the social responsibility It re... ...974. ?Social responsibilities of business managers?. Academy of management Journal, vol. 17, pp. 135-143.McWilliams, A. and Siegel, D. 2001, ?Corporate Social Responsibility A Theory of the Firm Perspective?, Academy of Management Review, vol 26, no. 1, pp 117-128.Mitchell, R., Agle, B., & Wood, D. 1997. ?Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience delineate the principle of who and what really counts?. Academy of Management Review, vol. 22, pp. 853-886.Robbins, S. P., Bergman, R., Stagg, I. and Coulter, M. (2000) ?Management?, French?s Forest Prentice Hal l.Verschoor, C. (2001) ?Corporate Power Must Be Balanced With well(p) Citizenship?, Strategic Finance, vol. 83, no. 3.Waddock, S., & Graves, S. 1997. ?The corporate social performance--financial performance link?. Strategic Management Journal, vol. 18, pp. 303-319.Weigelt, K., & Camerer, C. 1988. ?Reputation and corporate strategy A review of recent theory and application?. Strategic Management Journal, vol. 9,pp. 443-454.Wright, P., & Ferris, S. 1997. ?Agency conflict and corporate strategy The effect of divestment on corporate value?. Strategic management Journal, vol. 18, pp. 77-83.

Pessimism in Thomas Hardy’s The Darkling Thrush Essay -- Darkling Thru

Pessimism in doubting Thomas Hardys The dark ThrushThomas Hardys writings are often imbued with pessimism, and his poem The Darkling Thrush is not an exception. Through the bleakness of the greasescape, the narrators musings on the deoxycytidine monophosphates finale, and the narrators reaction to the songbird, The Darkling Thrush reveals Hardys absorption with time, change, and remorse.Written in four octaves, A Darkling Thrush opens with a view of a desolate winter landscape. With spectre-grey frost covering everything in sight (line 2), every last(predicate) joyful colours and sounds are smothered with an intangible film of bleakness. This gloominess is not to be dispersed, for the imagery of Winters dregs suggests that there exists a residue of the years melancholy (3). The burden of the word dregs creates a caesura, and the heaviness of the poem is reinforced with alternating lines of iambic tetrameters and iambic trimeters. The complicated bine-stems that scored the sky (5) and the lands sharp features (9) move the miasmal pessimism to a more sharply defined pain that is intensified with the alliteration in his crypt the dingy canopy (11). The bleak twigs overhead (18) cast a sharp image of bars stretching across the sky, embracing the gloominess in Hardys world. Reflecting the narrators sense of perceptions, the dreary landscape mirrors the narrators depression and projects his emotions into solid images. An occasional poem, A Darkling Thrush depicts the setting of one century and the birth of another through the narrators eyes. Leaning perhaps wearily on the coppice gate, the narrator observes how even the people that haunt the land like soulless wanderers (7) return to their homes where brightly shine their fires, a ... ...llest cause for hope. The thrushs exuberance seeps into the narrators life for a brief moment, disclosure to him a life lived to the fullest, yet the narrator remains unconvinced and melancholy. Submerging The Darkling Th rush in a dreary landscape devoid of life and colour, Thomas Hardy is able to weave pessimism into his work, providing a core of bleak emotions for his narrator, who sees no hope for the empty society he lives in. Even when he catches a glance of cheerfulness from an old thrush, the narrator declares his personal plight excluded from the possible causes of joy. With all signs of hope criticized as being absurd, Thomas Hardys The Darkling Thrush conveys a purely pessimistic view.Work CitedHardy, Thomas, The Darkling Thrush. 1900. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 7th ed. 2 vols. New York Norton, 2000. 2 1935-1936.

Christopher Pike :: essays research papers

Final FriendsBook1 The VampireAuthor Christopher PikePages 211Published Pocket Books/ archway Paperbacks40 Questions1. In chapter 1, what does Sam have a dream of?p. 4. He has a dream that his whole class will die because they will be killed by a vampire.2. In chapter 1, who is divergence to be throwing a large party?p. 4. Sam. He doesnt live in a very tumid house but he has a big yard. Too, his parents try to act cool so they are letting him have the party.3. wherefore does everybody at tame think Drake is a vampire?p. 6,7. First of all his name is kind of like Dracula, and second his canine teeth for some causation are distorted and they are really sharp.4. Why does David get jealous when he sees his girlfriend talking to Drake?p. 7.Because Jolie is usually shy and doesnt talk to other guys.5. What does Jolie say is the reason why she is talking to another guy?p. 8 She says she was talking to Drake because she needed help with her homework. But David doesnt believe her becau se she is a strait A student.6. Why does Hanna, Davids sister, get mad at her teacher?p. 19. Because she gets kicked out of class for talking when really it was the girl adjoining to her that was talking to her.7. Why does Hanna go oer to Janes house?p. 21. Because they are planning to play a practical joke on Hannas teacher for kicking her out of class.8. What joke is Hanna going to play on her teacher Mr. Torkelson.p. 22. She is going to cut the brakes on his car.9. Why does David almost get in a fight with Drake?p. 38. Because Drake spills coffee on David, and David thinks it is on purpose because David thinks that Drake wants to take his girlfriend.10. (related to question 9) What does Drake whisper under his breath as he is walking away?p. 39. He says, You better watch out, next time it will hurt a lot more.11. How does Hanna feel after she messes with Torkelsons car?p. 45. She regrets it because she thinks that something bad will happen.12. Why is David sure right off that h is girlfriend is cheating on him?p. 50. Because he sees her kissing Drake in the arcade.13. How does Mr. Torkelson die?p. 61. He dies in a car accident.14. Why does Hanna seem really depress?p. 63.

Paul Muldoon: Biography and Essay :: essays research papers

Oxford and Princeton University professor capital of Minnesota Muldoon was born in County Armagh, Northern Ireland in 1951 and has been touted as the most significant English-language poet born since the plunk for World War by The Times Literary Supplement. He has also won numerous and prestigious national awards. Therefore, it may come as a surprise to learn that Muldoon grew up in a home with very few books. Believe it or not, he writes, the only reading material we had in the house was The Junior World Encyclopedia, which I read and reread as a child. Other books must have come from the local lending depository library but the Encyclopedia was my text of texts.Muldoon, who is married with two children, has written eight volumes of poetry in addition to many chapbooks, plays and childrens books. His first collection of poems, newfangled Weather, was published in 1973 and his most recent book, Hay, was published in 1998.As a child, Muldoon began writing poems to get around a teac hers hebdomadally essay assignment. From there, he says, he just kept on writing. Of the process of writing, he says, I do absolutely think of it as a mysterious experience. Muldoon is a poet who is obsessed with the details of the world, and this is evident in his poetry, particularly in the poems of his that I read. I chose to research Paul Muldoon for no particular reason. I striket particularly like poetry I can recognize a good and a bad poem, but I cant for the life of me write one. I prefer to say what I mean, mean what I say, and leave little room for interpretation. Sometimes I think that poets rail the easy way out by writing ambiguously about dinosaurs, and then people read and think that the poet is really talking about kindly injustice or sending their child off to the first day of school, when in fact, the poet just really likes dinosaurs. Sometimes I think that if I wrote a simple sentence about, say, a red wheelbarrow, and chopped it up into lines and told peopl e it was very deep, theyd be impressed. And so thats why I chose Paul Muldoon. I read a few poems of his, could understand pretty well what they were about, liked how they sounded, and enjoyed that a respectable poet ended a line with the. Plus, I was track short on time.

Big data analysis Essay

THE NEW INTELLIGENT ENTERPRISE Some of the best-performing retailers ar using uninflecteds not just for finance and functional activities, but to boost competitive advantage on e realthing from displays, to grocerying, customer benefit and customer experience focal point. Big Data, Analytics and the Path From Insights toValue How the smartest organizations are embedding analyticals to transform teaching into sagacity and then action. Findings and recommendations from the introductory annual brand-new Intelligent Enterprise Global Executive study. BY STEVE LAVALLE, ERIC LESSER, REBECCA SHOCKLEY, MICHAEL S.HOPKINS AND NINA KRUSCHWITZ IN EVERY INDUSTRY, in alwaysy part of the world, fourth-year leaders wonder whether they are getting full take to be from the massive amounts of randomness they already have at heart their organizations. brand-new technologies are collecting to a greater extent selective nurture than ever before, yet many organizations are still looking f or get around charges to obtain pass judgment from their info and compete in the marketplace. Their questions slightly how best to achieve value persist. Are competitors obtaining sharper, more timely insights? Are they able to regain market advantage, neglected while center oning on expenses during the erstwhile(prenominal) two years?Are they correctly interpreting new signals from the global economy and adequately assessing the impact on their customers and partners? Knowing what happened and why it happened are no longer adequate. Organizations accept to know what is happening now, what is potential to happen next and what actions should be pressn to get the optimal results. COURTESY OF BEST BUY THE in the lead QUESTION How are organizations using analytics to gain insight and guide action? FINDINGS Top-performingorganizations are twice as likely to apply analytics to activities. Thebiggest ch totallyenges in adopting analytics are managerial and cultural.V isualizing entropy differently allow become increasingly blue-chip. WINTER 2011 MIT SLOAN focusing REVIEW 21 THE NEW INTELLIGENT ENTERPRISE ABOUT THE investigate To empathise the challenges and opport building blockies associated with the practice session of problem analytics, MIT Sloan Management look into, in collaboration with the IBM Institute for Business Value, conducted a adopt of more than 3,000 byplay purpose makers, managers and analysts from organizations located around the world. The survey captured insights from individuals in 108 countries and more than 30 industries and involved organizations from a variety of sizes.The sample was drawn from a number of different sources, including MIT alumni and MIT Sloan Management Review subscribers, IBM clients and other aro single-valued function parties. We also interviewed academic experts and subject matter experts from a number of industries and discip take ups to record the practical issues facing organizations today. Th eir insights contributed to a richer understanding of the selective information and the breeding of recommendations that respond to strategic and tactical questions that senior executives address as they operationalize analytics in spite of appearance their organizations. We also drew upon a number of IBMcase studies to explore further how organizations are leveraging line of work analytics and illuminate how real organizations are be sickting our recommendations into action in different organizational settings. To help organizations understand the opportunity of information and advanced analytics, MIT Sloan Management Review partnered with the IBM Institute for Business Value to conduct a survey of nearly 3,000 executives, managers and analysts working crosswise more than 30 industries and 100 countries. (See About the Research. ) Among our key findings Top-performing organizations employment analytics five times more than lower performers.(See Analytics Trumps Intuition. ) Overall, our survey found a widespread belief that analytics offers value. Half of our respondents said that improvement of information and analytics was a transgress priority in their organizations. And more than one in five said they were under intense or signifi substructuret pressure to adopt advanced information and analytics approaches. The source of the pressure is not hard to ascertain. Six out of 10 respondents cited innovating to achieve competitive differentiation as a guide business challenge. The identical percentage also agreed that their organization has more information than it ordure use potently.Organizational leaders want analytics to exploit their bring uping data and computational power to get smart, and get innovative, in ways they never could before. Senior executives now want businesses run on data-driven decisions. They want scenarios and simulations that provide immediate pleader on the best actions to take when disruptions occur disruptions rangin g from unexpected competitors or an earthquake in a supply zone to a customer signaling a desire to switch providers. Executives want to understand optimal solutions based on building complex business parameters or new information, and they want to take action quickly.These expectations can be met but with a caveat. For analytics-driven insights to be consumed that is, to trigger new actions across the organization they must be closely linked to business strategy, easy for end-users to understand and infix into organizational growthes so that action can be taken at the right time. That is no small task. It requires painstaking focus on the way insights are infused into everything from manufacturing and new product development to credit approvals and call center interactions. 22 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW WINTER 2011 Top Performers Say Analytics Is a discriminatorOur study clearly connects performance and the competitive value of analytics. We asked respondents to assess their organizations competitive position. Those who selected materially outperform industry peers were identified as pass along performers, while those who selected somewhat or substantially underperform industry peers were grouped as lower performers. We found that organizations that strongly agreed that the use of business information and analytics differentiates them within their industry were twice as likely to be top performers as lower performers. Top performers approach business operationsdifferently than their peers do. Specifically, they put analytics to use in the widest possible range of decisions, large and small. They were twice as likely to use analytics to guide future strategies, and twice as likely to use insights to guide day-to-day operations. (See The Analytics Habits of Top Performers, p. 24. ) They make decisions based on blotto analysis at more than double the rate of lower performers. The correlation amidst performance and analyticsdriven management has importa nt implications to organizations, whether they are seeking growth, efficiency or competitive differentiation.Three Levels of Capabilities Emerged, Each with Distinct Opportunities Organizations that know where they are in terms of analytics adoption are better prepared to turn challenges into opportunities. We segmented respondents based on how they rated their organizations analytics prowess, particular(prenominal)ally how thoroughly their organizations had been transformed by better uses of analytics and information. Three levels of analytics efficacy emerged Aspirational, Experienced and Transformed each with clear distinctions. (See The Three Stages of Analytics Adoption. ) Aspirational.These organizations are the furthest from achieving their desired analytical goals. Often they are focusing on efficiency or automation of breathing processes and searching for ways to cut costs. Aspirational organizations currently have SLOANREVIEW. MIT. EDU few of the necessary building blocks people, processes or tools to collect, understand, incorporate or act on analytic insights. Experienced. Having gained some analytic experience oft done successes with efficiencies at the Aspirational phase these organizat ions are lo oking to go b e yond cost management.Experienced organizations are developing better ways to collect, incorporate and act on analytics effectively so they can begin to optimize their organizations. Transformed. These organizations have substantial experience using analytics across a broad range of functions. They use analytics as a competitive differentiator and are already adept at organizing people, processes and tools to optimize and differentiate. Transformed organizations are less focused on cutting costs than Aspirational and Experienced organizations, possibly having already automated their operations through effective use of insights.They are most focused on driving customer profitability and making targeted investments in niche an alytics as they keep pushing the organizational envelope. Transformed organizations were threesome times more likely than Aspirational organizations to indicate that they substantially outperform their industry peers. This performance advantage illustrates the potential rewards of higher levels of analytics adoption. Information moldiness Become Easier to Understand and Act Upon Executives want better ways to communicate complex insights so they can quickly absorb the meaning of the data and take action.Over the next two years, executives say they will focus on supplementing standard historical reporting with appear approaches that make information come alive. These admit data visualization and process simulation as well as text and voice analytics, social media analysis and other predictive and prescriptive techniques. New tools like these can make insights easier to understand and to act on at every point in an organization, and at every skill level. They transform numbers int o information and insights that can be readily put to use, versus having to rely on furtherinterpretation or leaving them to languish due to uncertainty nigh how to act. ANALYTICS TRUMPS INTUITION The tendency for top-performing organizations to apply analytics to particular activities across the organization compared with lower performers. A likeliness of 1. 0 indicates an equal likelihood that the organizations will use all analytics or intuition. Tendency to Apply Tendency to Apply Intuition Analytics Financial management and budgeting Data Is Not the Biggest Obstacle Despite popular opinion, getting the data right is not a top challenge that organizations face when adopting analytics.Only about one out of five respondents cited concern with data quality or ineffective data governance as a primary obstacle. The adoption barriers that organizations face most are managerial and cultural earlier than related to data and technology. The leading obstacle to widespread analytics ad option is lack of understanding of how to use analytics to improve the business, according to almost four of 10 respondents. More than one in three cite lack of management bandwidth due to competing priorities. (See The Impediments to Becoming More Data Driven. ) Strategy and business development Sales and marketing guest service Product research and development Top Performers Lower Performers widely distributed management Risk management Customer experience management Brand or market management Work force planning and allocation Overall Average 0 SLOANREVIEW. MIT. EDU 22. 1 Operations and production 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 WINTER 2011 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 23 THE NEW INTELLIGENT ENTERPRISE What Leaders Can Do to exonerate Analytics Pay Off A New Methodology It takes big plans followed by distinguishable actions to gain the benefits of analytics. But it also takes some very circumstantial management approaches. Based on data from our survey, our engagementexperience, case studies and interviews with experts, we have been able to identify a new, five-point methodology for successfully implementing analytics-driven management and for rapidly creating value. The recommendations that follow are designed to help organizations understand this new path to value and how to travel it. While each recommendation presents different pieces of the information-and-analytics value puzzle, each one meets all of these three critical management needs Reduced time to value. Value creation can be achieved early in an organizations get on to THE ANALYTICS HABITS OF TOP PERFORMERSTop-performing organizations were twice as likely to use analytics to guide day-to-day operations and future strategies as lower performers. THE THREE STAGES OF ANALYTICS ADOPTION Three capability levels Aspirational, Experienced and Transformed were based on how respondents rated their organizations analytic prowess. ASPIRATIONAL EXPERIENCED TRANSFORMED Motive Use analytics to justify actions Use ana lytics to guide actions se analytics to prescribe actions U Functional proficiency Financial management and budgeting Operations and production Sales and marketing All Aspirational functionsStrategy/business development Customer service Product research/development ll Aspirational and Experienced A functions Risk management Customer experience Work force planning/allocation General management Brand and market management Business challenges ompetitive differentiation through C innovation Cost efficiency (primary) Revenue growth (secondary) ompetitive differentiation through C innovation Revenue growth (primary) Cost efficiency (secondary) ompetitive differentiation through C innovation Revenue growth (primary) rofitability acquiring/retaining P customers (targeted focus) aboriginalobstacles ack of understanding how to leverage L analytics for business value Executive sponsorship ulture does not encourage sharing C information ack of understanding how to leverage L analytics for business value Skills within line of business wnership of data is unclear or O governance is ineffective ack of understanding how to leverage L analytics for business value anagement bandwidth due to M competing priorities Accessibility of the data Data management imited ability to capture, aggregate, L analyze or share information and insights oderate ability to capture, aggregate M and analyze data imited ability to share information and L insights trong ability to capture, aggregate and S analyze data ffective at sharing information and E insights Analytics in action arely use rigorous approaches to R make decisions imited use of insights to guide future L strategies or day-to-day operations ome use of rigorous approaches to S make decisions rowing use of insights to guide future G strategies, but still limited use of insights to guide day-to-day operations ost use rigorous approaches to make M decisions lmost all use insights to guide future A strategies, and m ost use insights toguide day-to-day operations 24 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW WINTER 2011 SLOANREVIEW. MIT. EDU analytics sophistication. Contrary to common assumptions, it doesnt require the presence of perfect data or a full-scale organizational transformation. Increased likelihood of transformation thats both significant and enduring. The emerging methodology weve identified enables and inspires lasting commute (strategic and cultural) by tactically overcoming the most significant organizational impediments. greater focus on achievable steps. The approach used by the smartest companies is powerful in part because each step enables leaders to focustheir efforts and visions narrowly rather than implementing universal spays making every step easier to accomplish with an attractive ROI. Whether pursuing the best line of merchandise strategy, the best customer experience, the best portfolio or the best process innovation, organizations embracing this approach will be first in lin e to gain business advantage from analytics. have repeatedly heard that analytics aligned to a significant organizational challenge makes it easier to overcome a wide range of obstacles. Respondents cited many challenges, and none can be discounted or minimized Executive sponsorshipof analytics projects, data quality and access, governance, skills and culture all matter and need to be addressed in time. But when overtaken by the momentum of a single big belief and potentially game-changing insight, obstacles like these get swept into the wake of change rather than drowning the effort. THE IMPEDIMENTS TO BECOMING MORE DATA DRIVEN The adoption barriers organizations face most are managerial and cultural rather than related to data and technology. Lack of understanding of how to use analytics to improve the business Lack of management bandwidth due to competing prioritiesLack of skills internally in the line of business Ability to get the data RECOMMENDATION 1 First,Think Biggest Exi sting culture does not encourage sharing information Focus on the biggest and highestvalue opportunities Does attacking the biggest challenge carry the biggest risk of failure? Paradoxically, no because big problems command attention and incite action. And as survey participants told us, management bandwidth is a top challenge. When a projects stakes are big, top management gets invested and the best talent seeks to get involved. Its extraordinarily hard for people to changefrom making decisions based on personal experience to making them from data especially when that data counters the prevailing common wisdom. But upsetting the status quo is lots easier when everyone can see how it could contribute to a major goal. With a potential big reward in sight, a significant effort is easier to justify, and people across functions and levels are better able to support it. Conversely, dont mystify doing analytics without strategic business direction, as those efforts are likely to stall. Not only does that fling off resources, it risks creating widespread skepticism about the real value of analytics.In our discussions with business executives, we SLOANREVIEW. MIT. EDU Ownership of data is unclear or governance is ineffective Lack of executive sponsorship Concerns with the data Perceived costs outweigh projected benefits No case for change Respondents were asked to select three obstacles to the widespread adoption of analytics in their organization. Dont know where to start 0 10% 20% 30% 40% percentage of respondents RECOMMENDATION 2 Start in the Middle Within each opportunity, start with questions, not data Organizations traditionally are tempted to start by gathering all available data before beginning theiranalysis. Too often, this leads to an all-encompassing focus on data management collecting, cleansing and converting data that leaves little time, energy or resources to understand its potential uses. Actions taken, if any, might not be the most valuable o nes. Instead, organizations should WINTER 2011 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 25 THE NEW INTELLIGENT ENTERPRISE start in what might seem like the middle of the process, implementing analytics by first defining the insights and questions needful to meet the big business objective and then identifying those pieces of data needed for answers.By defining the desired insights first, organizations can target specific subject areas and use readily available data in the initial analytic models. The insights delivered through these initial models will illuminate gaps in the data substructure and business processes. Time that would have been spent cleaning up all data can be redirected toward targeted data needs and specific process improvements that the insights identify, enabling iterations of value. Companies that make data their overriding priority often lose momentum long before the first insight is delivered, a great deal because adata-first approach can be perceived as taking too long before generating a financial return. By narrowing the scope of these tasks to the specific subject areas needed to answer key questions, value can be realized more quickly, while the insights are still relevant. Also, organizations that start with the data or process change often end up with unintended consequences such as data that is not extensible or processes that are ultimately eliminated that require rework and redundant resources to solve. Speeding Insights into Business Operations Compared with other respondents, Transformed organizations are good at data capture.(See What Data-Transformed Companies Do. ) Additionally, Transformed organizations are much more adept at WHAT DATA-TRANSFORMED COMPANIES DO Transformed organizations felt more confident in their ability to manage data tasks than Aspirational organizations, which seldom felt their organizations performed those tasks very well. Percent of respondents whose organizations perform these tasks very well. Capture In formation Transformed Aspirational 9% Aggregate Information 36% 4X more likely Analyze Information 28% 3% 9X more likely 26 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW WINTER 2011 Disseminate Information and Insights34% 4% 8. 5X more likely 21% 2% 10X more likely data management. In these areas, they outpaced Aspirational organizations up to tenfold in their ability to execute. Enterprise processes have many points where analytic insights can boost business value. The operational challenge is to understand where to apply those insights in a particular industry and organization. When a bank customer stops automatic payroll deposits or remittance transfers, for example, who in the organization should be alerted and tasked with finding out whether the customer is changing jobs or planning to switch banks? Where customersatisfaction is low, what insights are needed, and how should they be delivered to prevent defections? To keep the three gears moving together data, insights and timely actions the ov erriding business purpose must always be in view. That way, as models, processes and data are tested, priorities for the next investigating become clear. Data and models get accepted, rejected or improved based on business need. New analytic insights descriptive, predictive and prescriptive are embedded into increasing numbers of applications and processes, and a virtuous cycle of feedback and improvement takes hold.RECOMMENDATION 3 Make Analytics Come Alive Embed insights to drive actions and deliver value New methods and tools to embed information into business processes use cases, analytics solutions, optimization, work flows and simulations are making insights more understandable and actionable. Respondents identified trend analysis, forecasting and standardized reporting as the most important tools they use today. However, they also identified tools that will have greater value in 24 months. The downswings in as-is methods accompanied by correspondent upswings in to-be m ethods were dramatic.(See Where Are DataDriven Managers Headed? p. 27. ) Todays staples are expected to be surpassed in the next 24 months by 1. Data visualization, such as dashboards and scorecards SLOANREVIEW. MIT. EDU 2. Simulations and scenario development 3. Analytics applied within business processes 4. Advanced statistical techniques, such as regression analysis, discrete choice modeling and mathematical optimization. Organizations expect the value from these emerging techniques to soar, making it possible for data-driven insights to be used at all levels of the organization.For example, GPS-enabled navigation devices can superimpose real-time traffic patterns and alerts onto navigation maps and suggest the best routes to drivers. Similarly, in oil exploration, three-dimensional renderings combine data from sensors in the field with collaborative and analytical resources accessible across the enterprise. Production engineers can incorporate geological, production and argume ntation information into their drilling decisions. Beyond 3-D, animated maps and charts can simulate critical changes in distribution flow or projected changes in consumption and resource availability.In the emerging area of analytics for unstructured data, patterns can be visualized through verbal maps that pictorially represent word frequency, allowing marketers to see how their brands are perceived. advanced(a) uses of this type of information layering will continue to grow as a means to help individuals across the organization consume and act upon insights derived through complex analytics that would otherwise be hard to piece together. New Techniques and Approaches Transform Insights into Actions New techniques to embed insights will gain in value by generating results that can be readily understood and acted upon Dashboards that now reflect actual last-quarter sales will also show what sales could be next quarter under a variety of different conditions a new media mix, a pri ce change, a larger sales team, even a major weather or clear event. Simulations evaluating alternative scenarios will automatically recommend optimal approaches such as the best media mix to introduce a specific product to a specific segment, or the ideal number of sales professionals to assign to a particular new territory. Use cases will illustrate how to embed insights into business applications and processes. SLOANREVIEW.MIT. EDU New methods will also make it possible for decision makers more fully to see their customers purchases, payments and interactions. Businesses will be able to listen to customers unique wants and needs about channel and product preferences. WHERE ARE DATA-DRIVEN MANAGERS HEADED? Organizations expect that the ability to visualize data differently will be the most valuable technique in two years. otherwise techniques and activities that are currently delivering the most value today will still be done, but will be of less value. Today In 24 Months His toric trend analysis and forecastingData visualization Standardized reporting Simulations and scenario development Analytics applied within business processes Data visualization degeneration analysis, discrete choice modeling and mathematical optimization Analytics applied within business processes Simulations and scenario development Historic trend analysis and forecasting Clustering and class Clustering and segmentation Regression analysis, discrete choice modeling and mathematical optimization Standardized reporting Respondents were asked to identify the top three analytic techniques creating value for the organization,and predict which three would be creating the most value in 24 months. In fact, making customers, as well as information, come to life within complex organizational systems may well become the biggest benefit of making data-driven insights real to those who need to use them. RECOMMENDATION 4 Add, Dont Detract appreciation existing capabilities while adding new ones When executives first realize their need for analytics, they tend to turn to those closest to them for answers. Over time, these point-of-need resources come together in local line of business units to enable sharing of insights.Ultimately, centralized units emerge to bring a shared enterprise perspective governance, tools, methods and specialized expertise. As executives use analytics more frequently to inform day-to-day decisions and actions, WINTER 2011 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 27 THE NEW INTELLIGENT ENTERPRISE this increasing demand for insights keeps resources at each level engaged, expanding analytic capabilities even as activities are shifted for efficiencies. (See How Analytics Capabilities Grow with Adoption. ) Sophisticated modeling and visualization tools, as noted, will soon provide greater business value thanever before. But that does not mean that spreadsheets and charts should go away. On the contrary New tools should supplement earlier ones or continue to be used side by side as needed. That lesson applies to plines. (See How Analytics Propagates Across Functions. ) In Transformed organizations, reusability creates a snowball effect, as models from one function are repurposed into another with minimal modifications. Over time, data-driven decision making branches out across the organization. As experience and usage grow, the value of analytics increases, which enables business benefits to accrue more quickly.Add Value with an Enterprise Analytics Unit HOW ANALYTICS CAPABILITIES win WITH ADOPTION The frequency with which analytics is used to support decisions increases as organizations transition from one level of analytic capability to the next. At the same time, analytics migrate toward more centralized units, first at the local line of business level and then at the enterprise level, while the portion of analytics performed at points of need and with IT remain stable. Percent using analytics frequently Where analytics performed 10 0% 80% Centralized analytic units 60% Line of business analytic units 40% 20%At point of need IT department 0% Aspirational Experienced Transformed nearly every way that analytics capabilities should be nurtured as an organization becomes more ambitious about becoming data driven The process needs to be additive. As analytics capabilities are added upstream at increasingly central levels of management, existing capabilities at point of need shouldnt be subtracted. Nor should they be transplanted to central locations. As new capabilities come on board, existing ones should continue to be supported. There are other ways that capabilities grow and deepen within an organization.Disciplines like finance and supply chain are inherently data intensive and are often where analytics first take root. boost by early successes, organizations begin expanding analytic decision making to more disci28 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW WINTER 2011 Organizations that first experience the value of analytic s in discrete business units or functions are likely soon to seek a wider range of capabilities and more advanced use of existing ones. A centralized analytics unit, often called either a center of excellence or center of competency, makes it possible to share analytic resources efficiently andeffectively. It does not, however, replace distributed and localized capabilities rather, the central unit is additive, reinforced upon existing capabilities that may have already developed in functions, departments and lines of business. We found that 63% more Transformed organizations than Aspirational organizations use a centralized enterprise unit as the primary source of analytics. A centralized analytics unit can provide a home for more advanced skills to come together within the organization, providing both advancedmodels and enterprise governance through establishing priorities and standards by these practices Advance standard methods for identifying business problems to be solved wi th analytics. Facilitate identification of analytic business needs while driving rigor into methods for embedding insights into end-to-end processes. Promote enterprise-level governance on prioritization, master data sources and reuse to capture enterprise efficiencies. Standardize tools and analytic platforms to enable resource sharing, streamline maintenance and reduce licensing expenses. In three distinct areas application of analytictools, functional use of analytics and location of skills we found that adding capabilities without detracting from existing ones offers a fast path to full benefits from analytics-driven management. SLOANREVIEW. MIT. EDU RECOMMENDATION 5 Build the Parts, Plan the Whole Use an information agenda to plan for the future Big data is getting bigger. Information is coming from instrumented, interconnected supply chains transmitting real-time data about fluctuations in everything from market demand to the weather. Additionally, strategic information has started arriving through unstructured digital channels social media, smart phone applica

Good Hair

There are three major flavours that hinder Alice Andrewss life progression however one belief hinders it the most in the novel and this is shown in three ways. Alice is young, Black, bourgeois, and in search of everything, as her life unfolds her beliefs and past are challenged. First, Alice defys the belief that it is important to look the check and not be labeled as low class or impoverished. This is relevant because she becomes a prisoner in a world of pretense.Second, Alice believes she should she should hid the truth astir(predicate) where she comes from and lives her life deeply ashamed of her blue collar New Jersey roots. This is relevant because it causes her to lose herself identity. Third, Alice struggles to fit in the upper echelon class she surrounded herself by and Alice Andrewss belief that it is necessary to look the part and not be labeled as low class hinders her life progression because she becomes a prisoner in a world of pretense.Based on what she believes abo ut social status, it appears that good hair is a standard of debaucher and status amongst the upper echelons of the African American social order in Manhattan. There was pressure from society to promote this standard of beauty in the novel. More specifically, social status and beauty standards are doubtless dependent to a certain extent on physical appearance. As Alice struggled to look the part in order to be accepted, it became unclutter that the standards of beauty had a significant burden on her notion.In society, African Americans continue to struggle with the concept of good hair. I believe that the lack of comme il faut cultural images and the negative social scripts caused by mainstream media play a significant role in the perception of beauty. Another reason why Alice Andrews struggle to maintain an image caused her life progression to be hindered is because she became a prisoner in a world of pretense. Since her entire foundation was built on the claim that

Causation and Correlation Essay

Causation and Correlation Paper The topic I am going to pick is Wealthy people be bring down. This could go both ways I am thinking. Wealthy people have the means to stay thin. They have money, resources, and the means to keep in that respect health in check. If youre poor or not wealthy you basically have to eat or cook what ever is cheap and most healthy foods are not cheap.For these reasons I think the correlation for this topic could be a good one or a bad one, it plainly depends on what your economic status is and what you can or cant afford. I think if I had to pick one or the other expose of causation and correlation I think this topic is more causation. The reasoning for my selection is that if you are wealthy you have more options to stay thin. So for this being wealthy can cause one to stay thin.Another reason why wealthy people are more able to stay thin over less wealthier people is because like I have mentioned food is expensive and the foods they might need to ge t you might have to travel or go to special stores. Another way this is causation is because wealthy people can also afford personal trainers or even a middle school membership along with weight loss doctors to stay on track. For all these reasons they cause wealthier people to stay thin. Reference Causation and Correlation in this weeks materials.

Better Weight-Loss Tool: Dieting Vs Exercising

A major factor leading to obesity in developed countries is the ready availability of inexpensive and tasty food. In addition to it a sedentary lifestyle, including desk jobs and time spent watching TV, using a computer, and other activities that require little or no physical effort are both(prenominal) other reasons. People are showing more interest in eating foods in restaurants and fast food out lets than the home made foods. nimiety body fill out has been linked to much(prenominal) health problems as coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, osteoporosis, diabetes, arthritis and certain forms of raftcer.There are different ways of loosing poopt over. bingle of them is by dieting and another is by exercising. But many people diet simply to surmount their angle to look better and slim. They think that the outdo way to achieve it is Eat less, weigh less. Theres nothing wrong with looking good and losing weight but they should realize how healthy and strong they are. T o be successful, the weight loss should be gradual. The best way to shed body fat and reduce the weight is by dieting or temporarily changing eating habits. Sticking to a sensible eating program can also involve some discipline and sacrifice.A successful weight loss diet must include adequate amounts of all essential nutrients that the body needs to maintain health. The diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and a few treat foods is the best diet for people who want to loose weight in long term. Plan your diet carefully, avoiding fast foods and any other high-fat, high-sugar foods, foods such as fish, tofu, and the leanest cuts of meats with major protein source are advised instead of burgers and pizzas. An adult woman who is moderately active needs to the highest degree 2,000 calories per day to meet all her nutrient requirements and maintain a healthy weight.She must therefore choose her diet carefully which in the long-term should not have any health proble ms such as kidney problems, b angiotensin converting enzyme mineral loss, and other unknown long-term risk factors (Eisenstein, et al. , 2002). People soon become tired or give themselves a holiday from dieting and gain the lost weight back, plus some more. A persons effective approach to stay slim depends on whether ones weight final stage is short- or long-term. If one strictly wants to become slim, they should be strong and determined towards the diet they eat.If your objective is to reduce body fat and keep your weight at a healthy, comfortable level, research has confirmed that regular consumption is the most important factor for long-term success . Exercising regularly allow for avoid depositing excess body fat. This is the most important component of your weight loss plan. Exercise exit enhance what youre doing with your diet, but exercise alone will never take the place of changing your diet. Exercise can change the way you look, feel, and perform, as well as have a tre mendously confirmatory impact on your health and almost every aspect of your life.Setting up a simple, economical home gym will also help drown some of the time limitations by cutting out travel to and from the gym. With a small initial investment and a few square feet of floor space, you can add convenience to the list of why an exercise program can be so effective. A proper diet coupled with regular exercise is the staple to a healthy lifestyle. Sometimes, we wear outt commit to dieting until we are sure we can commit to exercise. Or we focus on exercising to the exclusion of our diet. You can exercise every single day for a whole year and I loose t only five pounds because you didnt correct your diet.Even to lose weight, one need energy. The best way is avoiding the high-calorie foods. That enables you to pack a tremendous amount of calories into a short amount of time. But it is better to avoid eating withal many calories in the first place. An hours worth of exercise will n ot undo the damage of eating 5,000 calories a day. In fact, if you dont exercise at all, but you clean up your diet, youll lose weight. If you only exercise and dont clean up your diet, will you lose weight? Maybe, but not much, if your uncorrected diet is anything comparable mine was.Research has proven that the only long-term way to reduce body fat (and not body protein and water, which can be quick but ineffective) is to reduce the intake of high-fat and sugary foods and to exercise regularly. Ross et al. , (2000) reported that men in both the diet and the exerciseweight loss programs lost an average of about 16 pounds. Weight did not change in the control group or in the group assigned to exercise without weight loss. Body fat decreased in both weight loss groups, but men in the exerciseweight loss program lost more body fat than men in the dietweight loss program.Men assigned to exercise without weight loss lost some abdominal fat. Physical fitness meliorate in both exercis e groups. The tests for early signs of diabetes improved in both weight loss groups. In any weight loss attempt the goal is to lose the excess fat that has been accumulated in the body, rather than to lose weight. Food prepared at home offers the easiest way to make healthy choices about fat, sugar, salt, and so forth, but in todays world, convenience often wins out over a home cooked meal. A healthy diet along with exercise improves the fiber of health and life expectancy.Health is wealth, what else one need rather than a good health. Being healthy will make a profound difference on anyones life, and that should be motivation enough to start your diet and get going on that exercise programand to keep it up indefinitely. For the best of both worlds, dont choose between diet and exercise, take the comprehensive approach and allow the two to support one another. Reference Eisenstein, J. Roberts, S. Dallal, G. and Saltzman, E. (2002).High-Protein Weight-Loss Diets Are They Safe and Do They Work? A Review of the Experimental and Epidemiological Data. Nutrition Review 60189197. Lejeune, M. P. G. M. , van Aggel-Leijssen, D. P. C. , van Baak, M. A. and Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S. (2003).Effects of dietary restraint vs exercise during weight caution in obese men. Volume 57, Number 10, Pages 1338-1344 R. Ross, D. Dagnone, P. J. H. Jones, H. Smith, A. Paddags, R. Hudson, and I. Janssen. (2000).Reduction in Obesity and Related Comorbid Conditions after Diet-Induced Weight Loss or Exercise-Induced Weight Loss in Men. A Randomized, Controlled Trial. It is in the 18 July 2000 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 133, pages 92-103).

Digital Fortress Chapter 13

Tokugen Numataka stood in his plush, penthouse office and gazed out at the Tokyo skyline. His employees and competitors knew him a sakuta same-the deadly shark. For three decade shed outguessed, outbid, and out advertised all the Japanese competition now he was on the brink of becoming a big in the world market as well.He was roughly to close the biggest deal of his life-a deal that would make his Numatech Corp. the Microsoft of the future. His blood was alive with the cool rush of adrenaline. clientele was war-and war was exciting.Although Tokugen Numataka had been suspicious when the call had come three days ago, he now knew the truth. He was blessed with myouri-good fortune. The gods had chosen him.I eat a copy of the Digital Fortress pass-key, the American accent had said. Would you like to buy it?Numataka had almost laughed aloud. He knew it was a ploy. Numatech Corp. had bid generously for Ensei Tankados new algorithm, and now one of Numatechs competitors was compete game s, trying to find out the amount of the bid.You have the pass-key? Numataka feigned interest.I do. My name is North Dakota.Numataka stifled a laugh. Everyone knew about North Dakota. Tankado had told the press about his secret partner. It had been a wise move on Tankados part to have a partner even in Japan, business practices had become dishonorable. Ensei Tankado was not safe. further one false move by an overeager firm, and the pass-key would be published every software firm on the market would suffer.Numataka took a long gain on his Umami cigar and played along with the callers pathetic charade. So youre selling your pass-key? Interesting. How does Ensei Tankado feel about this?I have no allegiance to Mr. Tankado. Mr. Tankado was foolish to trust me. The pass-key is value hundreds of times what he is paying me to handle it for him.Im sorry, Numataka said. Your pass-key alone is worth nothing to me. When Tankado finds out what youve done, he will simply publish his copy, and t he market will be flooded.You will receive both pass-keys, the voice said. Mr. Tankados and mine.Numataka covered the receiver and laughed aloud. He couldnt help asking. How much are you asking for both keys?twenty dollar bill million U.S. dollars.Twenty million was almost exactly what Numataka had bid. Twenty million? He gasped in mock horror. Thats outrageousIve seen the algorithm. I assure you its well worth it.No shit, perspective Numataka. Its worth ten times that. Unfortunately, he said, tiring of the game, we both know Mr. Tankado would never stand for this. Think of the legal repercussions.The caller paused ominously. What if Mr. Tankado were no longer a factor?Numataka wanted to laugh, but he noted an odd determination in the voice. If Tankado were no longer a factor? Numataka considered it. Then you and I would have a deal.Ill be in touch, the voice said. The line went dead.

No choice to save land for endangered animals Essay

Nowadays, land supply is one of the critical world problems, which is considered carefully before using that limited land. People transform natural landscapes to kind-hearted landscapes for farmland, housing, and assiduity, and it makes many serious problems to wildlife species. Especially to endangered animal, they will lose their shelters and face the end of their kinds. However, there is no choice for tremendous requirements of mankind. There are few main reasons to figure that plenty need to alter natural landscapes more important than to save for endangered animals. Most importantly, due to the world population keeps make up every(prenominal) year, people need more land to support their lives. In this case, housing issue is a very serious problem of almost every nation. For the large number of population, people cannot live in their limited places, and they need to find proper places to live in. For example, houses in cities are so expensive, that some people cannot afford , so they have the alternative of buying another(prenominal) place. Furthermore, land is needed for cultivation. According to urbanizations, farms which close to towns are lost, so it doesnt have enough farms to aver food for people. Thus, some parts of forests are cut down for productivities of farmlands.These basic needs are unlikely to shorten but grow endlessly. In another point, human ambitions are not only for their living but also for their developments. In contemporary view, every country has their prospective goals to improve industrial work out that lead to use more land. Since industrial countries are rich and powerful, most developing countries are eagerly follow by trying to absorb as many as possible of investments to gain profit by changing investment climate. For instance, Cambodia tries to attract foreign ventures by providing land and reducing some unbending conditions such as allowing foreign shareholders to buy up properties and so on. Last but not least, peop le need to facilitate their lives with tools and equipments. Similarly, light and heavy industry are grown beneficially in every country, and no one is able to restrict the industrial actions. In short, all these points cannot be omitted according to their functions. tender-hearted needs for farmland, housing, and industry are really necessary, and people do not have choice to save land for endangered animals.

Elimination of Waste in a Lean Manufacturing Environment

Many things can be done in a manufacturing endeavour in coif to increase its performance. Special consideration should be given to the activi take outs where the most benefit can be attained. The exclusion of drive out is the most important contributor to improvement in a lean manufacturing environment. The efforts for the voidance of fumble begin on the manufacturing floor and include all areas of the enterprise all the way up to management. The whole organization plays a part in the continuous efforts to eliminate waste.It is the responsibility of management to stick out the proper training and tools so that all personnel can properly participate in these activities. erst the personnel is actively searching for and eliminating waste, proper care must(prenominal) be taken in order to not introduce bare-ass sources of waste into the system. One important aspect to consider in the elimination of waste is that waste must not be transferred to vendors, customers or another are a at bottom the enterprise. Vendors cannot be expected to bear the burden of improper methods of waste elimination without undesirable consequences and likely introduction of new wastes.The transfer of waste to the customer is a dangerous and undesirable proposition since they are the reason the manufacturing enterprise inhabits in the first place. Working closely with the customer leads to a better understanding of their requirements and improved inversely beneficial processes or methods can be implemented. This allows the elimination of additional waste where the original demands of the customer whitethorn have forced areas within the manufacturing enterprise to contain waste. In order to very remove waste it must be eliminated from the system entirely and not simply transferred within the system (Goldratt, 2004).Waste exists in all areas of an organization. This is an important reason why successful efforts to eliminate it can have much(prenominal)(prenominal) a huge impact on the organizations performance. alikels such as 5S programs, Standard Operating Procedures, gibe productive maintenance, or visual management tools and techniques can be implemented to aid in such efforts (NWLEAN, Inc. , 2013). According to run principles there are eight major areas of waste. They are referred to as the Eight bad Wastes 1. Overproduction Making or doing more than is required or earlier than needed. This waste can tie up significant working capital that could be sed for other purposes. 2. Waiting For information, materials, people, maintenance, etc.An organization must look to eliminate or minimize any wait- times by ensuring that items arrive only when they are truly needed. 3. Transport Moving people or goods around or between sites. Although some is necessary, this is potentially a huge waste with poorly planned distances or number of moves. 4. Poor process design Too many/few steps, non-standardization, inspection rather than prevention, etc. An organiz ation should strive to eliminate any non-value adding activities within the process. 5. Inventory Work-in-progress, papers, electronic files, etc. An understanding is needed of how long it takes to replenish each item in order to truly reflect the real customer demand and not mask waste such as excessive queue times, unbalanced workloads, unreliable suppliers, or misunderstood customer needs. 6. Motion inefficient layouts, unplanned downtime, poor ergonomics in offices, etc. If there is any type of unnecessary try of people or machines then there is motion waste. 7. Defects Errors, scrap, rework, non-conformance poor quality controls, process documentation or machine capabilities, etc.Strive to eliminate all causes of defects through mistake proofing and statistical methods of process control. 8. military unit resources and creativity This is the waste of not using peoples mental, creative, and physical abilities. Everyone can be a successful contributor toward the organizati ons goal and elimination of waste. Availability of appropriate resource levels at all times can be achieved through good communications, teamwork, proper training, and by avoiding over-skilled personnel to be used for daily tasks (Juran Institute, Inc. 2013). In-line with Mr. Paretos famous rule, 80% of the benefits during the implementation of lean principles exist in the elimination of waste. Many tools exist in order to achieve and maintain meaningful results. It is with the proper implementation of these tools that successful elimination of waste can be achieved. Some tools will have more impact than others depending on the organization so careful planning and implementation is needed in order to achieve real improvements with the best thinkable benefits.Works CitedGoldratt, E. M. (2004). The Goal A Process of Ongoing Improvement. GreatBarrington, MA The North River Press Publishing Corp. Juran Institute, Inc. (2013). Retrieved Jul. 11, 2013, from Juran http//www.juran.com/ NW LEAN, Inc. (2013). Retrieved Jul. 10, 2013, from The Northwest Lean Networks http//nwlean.net/

The Effects of Lsd

lysergic acid diethylamide was first synthesized on November 16, 1938 by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann at the Sandoz Laboratories in Basel, Switzerland as part of a large research program distinct for medically useful ergot alkaloid derivatives. lysergic acid diethylamides psychedelic properties were discovered 5 years later when Hofmann himself accidentally ingested an un cognize quantity of the chemical. The first intentional ingestion of lysergic acid diethylamide occurred on April 19, 1943, when Hofmann ingested 250 mg of lysergic acid diethylamide. He said this would be a threshold dose based on the panes of other ergot alkaloids.Hofmann found the effects to be much stronger than he anticipated. Sandoz Laboratories introduced LSD as a psychiatric medicine in 1947. Beginning in the 1950s the US Central Intelligence Agency began a research program code named end MKULTRA. Experiments included administering LSD to CIA employees, military personnel, doctors, other government agen ts, prostitutes, mentally ill patients, and members of the general public in order to admit their reactions, usually without the subjects knowledge. The project was revealed in the US congressional Rockefeller Commission stem in 1975.In 1963 the Sandoz patents expired on LSD. Also in 1963, the US Food and Drug Administration classified LSD as an Investigational New Drug, which meant new restrictions on medical and scientific use. Several figures, including Aldous Huxley, Timothy Leary, and Al Hubbard, began to incite the consumption of LSD. LSD became central to the counterculture of the mid-sixties. On October 24, 1968, possession of LSD was made illegal in the united States. The last FDA approved study of LSD in patients ended in 1980, while a study in healthy volunteers was made in the late 1980s.Legally approved and regulated psychiatric use of LSD continued in Switzerland until 1993. Today, medical research is resuming around the world. Lysergic acid diethylamide, abbrevia ted LSD or LSD-25, excessively known as lysergide (INN) and colloquially as acid, is a semisynthetic psychedelic do drugs of the ergoline family, well known for its psychological effects which can include altered thinking processes, closed and open eye visuals, synesthesia, an altered sense of time and spiritual causes, as well as for its key role in 1960s counterculture.It is used mainly as an entheogen, recreational drug, and as an agent in psychedelic therapy. LSD is non-addictive, is not known to cause brain damage, and has extremely low toxicity relative to dose. However, adverse psychiatric reactions much(prenominal) as anxiety, paranoia, and delusions atomic number 18 possible. LSD was first synthesized by Albert Hofmann in 1938 from ergotamine, a chemical derived by Arthur Stoll from ergot, a grain fungus that typically grows on rye. The short form LSD comes from its early code name LSD-25, which is an abbreviation for the German Lysergsaure-diethylamid followed by a sequential number.LSD is sensitive to oxygen, ultraviolet light, and chlorine, especially in solution, though its authorization whitethorn last for years if it is stored away from light and moisture at low temperature. In axenic form it is a colorless, odorless, tasteless solid. LSD is typically delivered orally, usually on a substrate such as absorbent blotter paper, a sugar cube, or gelatin. In its liquid form, it can to a fault be administered by intramuscular or intravenous injection. LSD is very potent, with 2030 g (micrograms) being the threshold dose.New experiments with LSD have started in 2009 for the first time in 40 years. Introduced by Sandoz Laboratories, with trade-name Delysid, as a drug with various psychiatric uses in 1947, LSD quickly became a healthful agent that appe atomic number 18d to show great promise. In the 1950s, officials at the U. S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) thought the drug might be applicable to discernment control and chemical warfare th e agencys MKULTRA research program propagated the drug among young servicemen and students.The subsequent recreational use of the drug by youth culture in the western sandwich world during the 1960s led to a political firestorm that resulted in its prohibition. Currently, a number of organizationsincluding the Beckley Foundation, MAPS, Heffter Research impart and the Albert Hofmann Foundationexist to fund, encourage and coordinate research into the medicinal and spiritual uses of LSD and related psychedelics. LSD can cause pupil dilation, reduced or increased appetite, and wakefulness.Other physical reactions to LSD are extremely variable and nonspecific, some of which may be secondary to the psychological effects of LSD. Among the reported symptoms are numbness, weakness, nausea, hypothermia or hyperthermia, elevated blood sugar, goose bumps, heart rate increase, jaw clenching, perspiration, saliva production, mucus production, sleeplessness, hyperreflexia, and tremors. Some user s, including Albert Hofmann, report a strong metallic taste for the duration of the effects.LSD is not considered addictive by the medical community. quick tolerance build-up prevents regular use,citation needed and cross-tolerance has been demonstrated between LSD, mescaline and psilocybin. This tolerance diminishes aft(prenominal) a few days after cessation of use and is probably caused by down regulation of 5-HT2A receptors in the brain. LSDs psychological effects (colloquially called a trip) vary greatly from person to person, depending on factors such as previous learns, state of mind and surroundings, as well as dose strength.They also vary from one trip to another, and even as time pass during a single trip. An LSD trip can have long-term psych wound up effects some users cite the LSD acknowledge as causing significant changes in their reputation and life perspective citation needed. Widely different effects emerge based on what Timothy Leary called compensate and set ting the set being the general mindset of the user, and the setting being the physical and social environment in which the drugs effects are experienced.Some psychological effects may include an experience of radiant colors, objects and surfaces coming into court to ripple or breathe, colored patterns behind the closed eyelids (eidetic imagery), an altered sense of time (time seems to be stretching, repeating itself, changing speed or stopping), crawling geometric patterns overlaying walls and other objects, morphing objects, a sense that ones thoughts are spiraling into themselves, loss of a sense of identity or the ego (known as ego finish), and other powerful psycho-physical reactions. Many users experience dissolution between themselves and the outside world.This unitive quality may play a role in the spiritual and religious aspects of LSD. The drug sometimes leads to disintegration or restructuring of the users historical personality and creates a mental state that some users report allows them to have more than woof regarding the nature of their own personality. If the user is in a hostile or otherwise unsettling environment, or is not mentally prepared for the powerful distortions in perception and thought that the drug causes, effects are more likely to be unpleasant than if he or she is in a comfortable environment and has a relaxed, balanced and open mindset.LSD causes an altered sensory experience of senses, emotions, memories, time, and awareness for 6 to 14 hours, depending on dosage and tolerance. Generally beginning within thirty to ninety minutes after ingestion, the user may experience anything from subtle changes in perception to overwhelming cognitive shifts. Changes in auditory and visual perception are typical. Visual effects include the illusion of movement of static surfaces (walls breathing), after mage-like trails of moving objects (tracers), the expression of moving colored geometric patterns (especially with closed eyes), an inte nsification of colors and brightness (sparkling), new textures on objects, woolly vision, and shape suggestibility. Users commonly report that the inanimate world appears to animate in an unexplainable way for instance, objects that are static in three dimensions can seem to be moving relative to one or more additional spatial dimensions. Many of the basic visual effects resemble the phosphine seen after applying constrict to the eye and have also been studied under the name form constants.The auditory effects of LSD may include echo-like distortions of sounds, changes in ability to discern concurrent auditory stimuli, and a general intensification of the experience of music. Higher doses often cause intense and fundamental distortions of sensory perception such as synesthesia, the experience of additional spatial or temporal dimensions, and temporary dissociation. The potential uses of LSD end of life anxiety, alcoholism, pain, bunch up headaches, spiritual, and creativity. Thes e are the potential adverse effects adverse drug interactions, mental disorders, and suggestibility and also psychosis.

Attachment Theory and Partnership Model

Describe how partnerships with cargonrs are developed and sustained in own work setting A partnership pretence work around a opening of collaboration, understanding and and communication. Its a way that helps to recognise how the best outcomes discount happen for children when care, development and learnedness provision/a setting , a cooperatively unneurotic. A partnership model looks like this Identifying unavoidably via a partnership /mullet agency document can happen though the pre CAF assessment scrap list and CAF common assessment framework which is touchd with appropriate agencies.Alongside the aims of home nations primeval year framework eg Englands eyfs, Wales foundation phase, NI foundation stage or Scotlands prebrith-3 & political platform for excellence, childrens progresses seen to be greater when a partnership is supported evidence based on EPPE picture quote This finding indicates that what parents do is more important for the academic and social/behavioural development of their than who parents are supports a joint or joined up admittance .Check how your setting promotes an open door policy, involves, actively invites and work towards engaging parents/carers in the setting s planning and decision making processes. How do you share observations daily happenings how parents/carers contribute 7 are part of assessments 7 updates by letting setting hold out about development interests, medical and dietary needs data protection, confidentiality act & freedom of information.Considerations to take into beak for a partnership model are the potential barriers could be involved thatCommunication& how to overcome those barriers language, delectation & access to technology eg. phone, email, literacy skills technology Confidence & self esteem anyone with little confidence, sense of worth and apprize whitethorn feel uncomfortable/incapable of imparting their ideas, views and opinions. Obligations of work time, income all have a mien on how a ctive a parent/carer can be in a partnership model. teaching disabilities and culturecan impact on relationships with care providers as an expectation to work together may be unexpected, unfamiliar, cause suspicion & be unwelcome it is also possible an appearance of professionalism creates a barrier, dread &withdrawal. Understandingequal opportunity, equality amp inclusion in participationwhilst this is a practice approach that may be extended to all it may not be taken up by individuals in the same way. In possible contrast maybe, to the view as to how behaviourist theory relates to demonstrable reinforcement operant conditioningthat may be exerted over childrens choice/motivation to participate, knowing that the less pressure adults feel exposed and obligated to, the more likely it is that theyll feel free and welcomed in fetching part where and when they are able to. Evaluation methods eg.Feedback,surveyand sensitive questionnaires can help identify areas a setting does well in, those for further investigation and aspects of provision that individuals enjoy being part of or can see a way to suggest improvement in. Breaking/breaching confidentiality in a partnership model can cause mistrust & impact negatively on the effectiveness of future engagement vocal paper 7 electronically kept information data protection act If it helps there is counselling that supports further research on pages 164 and 221+ of theHeinemann level 3 handbookParental rightson direct gov and thechildrens act 1989 Howard Gardners multi intelligence theory. Hisframes of brainpowerpublication recognised the role of the parent as a childs first educator, providing physical and emotional influence. The townsfolk Reggio Emiliaand the development of a philosophy and educational approach. Parent co-operativemodel for provision Commitee run preschool www. bernardvanleer. org alliance theory linked through psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud 1856 1939 Melanie Klein 1882 1960 John Bowlby 1907 1990 Mary Ainsworth 1913 1999Donald Winnicott 1896 1971 transitional object The limit of childrens resillience is in repeated disruption to attachments, when people leave or let them down. Barbara Tizard suggests roles for childrens well-being, physical and emotional development follow in significant some others with a genuine commitment and continuity of interest in remaining set in a childs life carers, adoption, looked after settings, foster parents, guardians, sibling care and parenting responsibilities carried out by other immediate and extended family members.Key worker/person system Peter Elfer google book preview Working together * Englands eys framework eyfs theme of positive relationships, principle parents as partners * Northern Irelands NI curriuculmfoundation and areas of learning * Irelands Aistearguidelines for right(a) practicebuilding partnerships between parents and practitioners. Wales foundation phase positive partnerships with home,learning and teaching pedagogy * Scotlands political program for excellence parents as partners A health care model for the support of children family partnership modelCPCS. org. uk Parents/carers are stakeholders in thier childrens education providers in that they are the ones who retain a continued presence after a setting has been left/provision ended. Multi-agency working, how partnerships promote links with agencies and parent/carers and mosiac approach.

Department of Employment Essay

An increase in part period employment has been in the Retail and tertiary sectors. A survey carried out by the suggested that 77% of workers in nightclubs, bars and public houses were part period workers, 65% of food retail workers were part time employees and 57% of restaurant workers were part time employees. The split between new full time jobs and part time jobs in the UK was 50.1% part time jobs and 49.9% full-time.2(a) Identify the indicators normally used to recount between develop and highly- actual countries and analyse their efficaciousness.In the world there be veritable countries and develop countries and in order to distinguish the ii indicators are used. Indicators such as gross domestic product per gallery, life apprehension and birth rate are used to distinguish between the deuce types of countries.GDP (Gross domestic product) per head shows the aver date income person and outhouse be calculated quite easily. This can be used to examine the GDP per head of two countries a developed country will have a higher GDP per head than a developing country. It used to indicate how well(p)s and function they can consume and thus gives a gives a standardised of living. GDP per head alone does not give a clear indication of the amount of goods and services an average person can consume.Therefore it can be adjusted to GDP per person in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) and this accounts for the cost of living. The PPP method takes the same amounts of goods and services in two countries and wherefore calculates how much it would cost to spoil these goods and services, i.e. a $100 in Ethiopia can buy more goods and services than a $100 in the United States, and without adjusting to PPP using GDP per head on its own to compare two countries would be unfair.GDP per head in PPP is a useful indicator of comparing two countries and especially in comparing a developed country to a developing country because it measures the average income per person an d it is adjusted to its purchasing power, so if a person in country A gets $4 per hour and a person in country B gets $1 per however it does not necessarily mean that the person in country A can buy 4 times as much goods as the person in country B (given that they twain work the same amount of hours).There are also weaknesses however in the GDP per head even when it is adjusted to PPP, it does not take in account the hidden economy. The hidden economy complicates outlaw(prenominal) activity, subsistence farming, and DIY etc. this would be particularly important in LEDCs where there is a large countryfied economy and a great deal of corruption. For example it is thought if the hidden economy of Nigeria is brought forward in calculating its GDP then the GDP would increase by 70%.Another weakness is that although the GDP per head may be high it may mask a very wide statistical distribution of wealth. In Saudi Arabia for example there are a very rich few the tack together the GDP p er head whereas the rest of the country are is not as economically well of as the GDP would suggest.Knowledge is also an indicator used to distinguish between developed and developing countries. on with resources knowledge is take up to make good use of the resources. Therefore education is a good indicator, this would include literacy rate and percentage of people going to higher education. In developed countries it is compulsory for children under the age of 16 to attend school, in developing countries however a percentage of the children start work before the age 16, as they need to help out with the family income. Children are seen as a source of income in poorer community of the LEDCs and therefore are sent to work at an early age preferably than attending school. This is particularly true in the rural areas of an LEDC.In developed countries there is no need for the children to work at such an early age as the parents usually work and can wage for their expenses or they ca n claim benefits from the government. The number of people that go on to university can be measurable and in developed countries there are a great number of people going to university than in developing countries. The graph (on the following page) compares the United Sates to Uzbekistan. It is quite clear that there are a greater number of university students in the United Sates than there are in Uzbekistan.Literacy rate is commonly used to compare to countries and does give a set of good contributes when comparing a developed country to a developing country. The number university student is not used as indicator but it is another example of how developed countries have more people going on to further education.Life expectancy and baby death rate are two important indicators between developed and developing countries. Life expectancy and infant fatality rate both show the state of the countrys health attending. In developed countries the health care is quite good and people wi th an distemper are likely to get a cure for their illness quickly and survive, but in developing countries there are poor health care systems and patients do not get treated as well or as quickly and as result there are deaths that could be prevented. A low infant mortality is the result of a good health care system and good health care systems are found in developed countries. For example in Bangladesh infant mortality is 69.98 per 1000 where as in Switzerland it is 4.87 per 1000.Life expectancy and infant mortality can be used to good effect to distinguish between developed and developing countries. The two indicators show the how much a government or the people of the country are unbidden to pay for their health care, the wealthier the country the better the health care, and wealthy countries are the developed countries. Life expectancy can, however, be very low, in Rwanda the life expectancy is 22, and this can give the impression that the country is the worst of the develop ing countries. The low age of life expectancy is because of war and young men who are soldiers are the most likely to die and thus bring down the life expectancy. If there were no wars then life expectancy would be much higher and the country may not be seen as the worst of the developing countries.

Economics light Essay

Q1. Mention the enigma?The problem of that case landing field is the organizational conflict i.e. every functional motorbus is trying to get his deliver interest therefore, the working climate became disturbed. In other words, it is possible to say that it is a communication issue. Q2.What did sales managers do?The problem of the sales manager lies in focusing on acquire to a greater extent customers more than thinking of getting more profitable orders. Q3. What did manufacturing managers do?The problem with the manufacturing managers consists in disordering of work steps, light air orders and dark color orders, which in turn wastes time and m wizardy. Q4. State your opinion to solve the problem?SOLUTION1. Sales managerHe should modify the pricing policy for rush orders in a way that enables the company to excel its breakeven point and get at least its profitable processing .i.e. to make a special determine for rush orders. 2. Manufacturing managerHe should review the cleani ng process and try to implement a more cost reducing efficient method. 3. General manager* He should consider introducing a new work, one for light color and the other for dark color, hence, reducing the cost of getting a new machine will be covered by eliminating the cost of cleaning and cost of time wasted. * He should witness that the 250 workforce are aware of that every workers effort and role is step in many pre and rank steps. Hence the notion of teamwork will prevail.* Every worker should be aware of not only his own task but also the tasks of all his coworkers to get the value of his own role and appreciate it so self esteem will prevail. * As for , the functional managers, especially, the manufacturing and sales managers should be aware of their critical bureau and try to be farsighted to the long runobjectives not only the short run. They should get rid of their personal interests and vision. They should cooperate and try to implement an overall objective.Done by Abd ulla Talal AlsadaBH05501669SBI((FF))

Ansoff Matrix Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ansoff matrix - Research Paper ExamplePrior to the publication of this book, many organisations at that time had little management on how to plan and make decisions for the future many still relied on conventional forms of planning that gnarled decisions based on an extended budgeting system which in turn is derived on a projected budgetary outcome to some point in the future (Chartered Institute of Management, 2003).Recognizing the needs of business organisations during his time, Ansoff stated that, a firm needs direction and focus in its search for and creation of new opportunities and the fact that it is to the firms emolument to see entries with strong synergistic potential (Ansoff 1965, p. 104 - 105). Furthermore, Levitt (1960) suggested that in order for an organisation to be successful and take then an organisation would require a definitive description of their role within their environment.However, Ansoff have his suffer share of critics. Ansoff and Henry Mintzberg hav e differing views on strategy. In particular, Mintzbergs is averse to Ansoffs view on strategy that is strengthened upon planning (Ansoff 1965, p. 1207).Levitt (1960) elaborated that organisations should have some form of natural extensions of the firms products and food trades explaining natural extensions of the firms product-market position, derived from some core symptomatic of the present business. explaining that businesses in one particular industry, for example railroads, could in fact class themselves as in the transportation business (Ansoff 1965).Ansoff (1965, p. 105) proposed that, in fact, this idea was too broad and didnt take into account stakeholders or the investment community understanding or relationship of organisations future product-market direction or common thread. He further grow on this, stating that a relationship between present and future product-markets which would enable outsiders to perceive where the firm is heading, and the intimate managemen t to give it guidance.The common thread in fact was based on three factors harmonize to Ansoff. These are the followingProduct-market scope-which identifies the industries to which an organisation limits its product/market positionGrowth vector-which is the direction or is an reference of the direction that an organisation is moving towards or with respect to its current product, market position and Competitive advantage-which is an attack to understand the properties of individual products markets that will allow an organisation to remain or sustain a militant advantage.It was through this explanation of the growth vector which elaborates the common thread and the prospective direction of an organisation that becomes the creative activity and led to the creation of the Ansoff matrix otherwise known as the market/product matrix (Ansoff 1965).The Ansoffs MatrixPresentNewPresentMarketPenetrationProduct knowledgeNewMarketDevelopmentDiversificationSource Ansoff, 1965 The matrix as p roposed by Ansoff attempts to indicate the direction of organisation product/market posture, through four possible product/market combinations market penetration product development market development and

Management strategy and policy research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Management strategy and policy - enquiry Paper ExampleThe net revenue of the ac ships company in the financial year 2011 was $701.29 million, which reflects a reflecting a hale financial situation of the company. Aramex is a publicly traded joint stock company registered under coupled Arab Emirates laws and its sh atomic number 18s are traded in Dubai financial market. The company is currently headquartered at Amman, Jordan and has its business wings spread in every(prenominal) over the world. The organizational structure of the company is well defined and is managed along two tracks - 1) by service of process 2) geographically, with the help of, country managers, regional senior managers and cross?functional country?basedAramexteams that is providing harmonization of all Aramex services on a modified basis to Aramex customers (About Aramex). The organizational structure of the company is presented to a lower place - Organizational structure of Aramex and how it impacts the de sign and implementation of Strategy Figure 1 Corporate management structure of Aramex (Source Aramex, Sustainability Report 2006 8) The above chart clearly points out about the departments or divisions of the organization. In addition, the chart in like manner sheds light on the way Aramex is carrying out and managing its business functions. Presently the company has 4 major departments to wit marketing, IT (information technology), finance and the operations departments. Each of the departments is being headed by the VPs (Vice Presidents). From the organizational chart it has also spy that the company has appointed VPs in different location. Most of them are responsible for managing the operation of the lot areas. The structure followed by the company is therefore clearly divisional structure. However, these VPs do not score to any of the departmental heads, rather they directly reports to the CEO of the company. Apart from them, other business heads such as the chief techno logy officer, chief marketing officer, group financial controller, sr. VP finance and CFO, VP logistics and ground operation, Sr. VP cargo, VP express, chief strategy office, vice president, as well as the in front managing director. Hence, it is obvious that the company has been able to streamline its business process with this organizational arrangement. On the contrary, if the arrangement wouldnt have been allot the performance of the company was sure to be negatively impacted. However, the financial results of the company clearly points out that the company is doing well in the market place. The flat and decentralized management structure of the organization is one of the primaeval drivers of success for the company. The simple and flexible structure of the organization has allowed them to empower the employees of the organization and also make determination pertaining to the enhancement of the companys service offerings irrespective of the location of the organization and t he level at which they are operating (Aramex, the age of entrepreneur 4). Nevertheless, a number of studies reveal that the organizational structure has a strong impact on the design, formulation and implementation of the organizational strategies. Organizational strategy and structure are highly related as the organizational strategy of a company helps them to describe, identify and build the organizational structure. This is the ground why the organizational structure of a company is based on the outcome of the analysis of the